California law says that visual fire alarms must be installed where audible fire alarms are required in all newly constructed (since 1989) or remodeled buildings. Federal law also requires this for buildings ready for first occupancy in 1993 or later. Federal law also requires a hotel or motel to provide you with at least a portable alarm for your room.

California law also requires any residential care home or institution where you reside to install a warning system that is designed to alert you.

These laws are generally enforced by your local building department or, for state facilities, by the State Fire Marshal. Any complaints should be made initially to them.

You also have the right to modify, at your own expense, your own condominium or apartment by installing visual smoke alarms or other devices, such as a flashing doorbell light, for your safety.

If your landlord refuses to allow you to modify your apartment, you may file a complaint with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) within one year of the refusal.